新型踝关节保护支具对预防空降兵踝关节着陆损伤的实验研究

Prevention of Landing Injuries to Ankle Joints of Airborne Troops with New Ankle Protection Devices

目的探讨一种新型空降兵踝关节保护支具对空降兵着陆时段踝关节的保护效果,为降低空降兵着陆时段踝关节损伤提供有效防护方法。方法将100名受试空降兵战士平分为实验组和对照组,从高度为1.5 m的标准空降兵训练平台跳下,受试者均穿体能训练服和伞鞋,实验组伞鞋外佩戴踝关节保护器具。通过应用遥测肌电分析仪和Flexi Force’s Economical Load&Force(ELF)system力学测试仪等测试手段对踝关节周围肌肉和踝关节受力及反应情况进行测试分析,证实保护器具的实用性和可靠性。结果佩戴踝关节保护支具能显著增强胫骨前肌和腓骨长短肌在触地前后平均肌电活性(EMG)幅值(P<0.05),对腓肠肌触地前后平均EMG幅值则无显著性影响(P>0.05)。佩戴踝关节保护支具的实验组可以有效减少踝关节内外翻压力负荷的50%以上,两组比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论佩戴踝关节保护支具可以有效增强踝关节伸肌的肌电活性和限制踝关节内外翻活动幅度,新型踝关节保护支具对空降兵踝关节着陆时段有明显的防护作用。

Objective To study the protective effect of a new protection device for ankle joints of airborne troops and recommend an effective method for reducing ankle injury during landing among airborne troops.Methods One hundred airborne soldiers were equally divided into experiment group and control group.All the subjects jumped off a standard airborne training platform 1.5 m high in training uniforms and paratroopers＇ shoes while the experiment group additionally wore ankle-protecting devices.Using the telemetering electromyography and Flexi Force＇s Economical Load Force（ELF） system,the stress and respone of ankle joints and the muscle around them were tested and analyzed to confirm the practicability and reliability of protective devices.Results The ankle joint protection devices significantly enhanced the average EMG amplitude of the tibialis anterior muscle and the peroneus longus and brevis muscles before and after touchdown（P〈0.05）,but failed to have significant influence on the gastrocnemius（P〉0.05）.The experimental group with ankle joint protection apparatus reduced the varus and valgus stress of the ankle joint by more than 50%,and there was statistically significant diference between the two groups（P〈0.05）.Conclusion The ankle joint protection device can effectively improve the myoelectricity activity of ankle extensors and limit the range of the varus and valgus of ankle joints,so the new ankle-protecting device has a significant protective effect on ankle joints of airborne troops during landing.