某部2014-2016年呼吸道传染病病原监测结果分析

Surveillance Results of Pathogens Associated with Respiratory Infections in 2014-2016

目的分析某部2014年-2016年呼吸道传染病病原监测结果,探讨呼吸道传染病流行趋势与特征,为制定防控措施提供参考依据。方法收集该部2014年10月-2016年4月呼吸道传染病监测数据,分别用Excel 2007软件及SPSS 19.0软件进行分析。结果 2014-2016年该部共送检样本183份,检测出阳性样本82份,阳性检出率为44.81%。病原类型以乙型流感病毒为主(76.83%),其次是甲型流感(17.07%)、人冠状病毒(4.88%)及人副流感病毒(1.22%)。两个监测周期病原谱与整体病原谱相似,均以乙型流感病毒为主,分别占比78.57%及75.93%。两个监测周期阳性检出率分布情况相似,10-12月阳性检出率呈下降趋势,1-3月呈上升趋势,3月时阳性检出率达到峰值。发病年龄主要集中在20岁以下人群(51.22%),其次是21~25岁(40.24%)及26~30岁(8.54%)。发病人群主要集中在战士群体,占到了96.34%,而干部仅占3.66%。阳性病例与阴性病例在体温、咳嗽、头痛、流涕等4个临床症状分布上存在差异,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论该部急性呼吸道传染病病原以乙型流感病毒及甲型流感病毒为主,春季高发,且临床症状明显,应制定针对性防控措施。

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of acute viral respiratory infectious diseases in a military unit between 2014 and 2016 in order to investigate the epidemic trends and characteristics and provide reference for prevention and control.Methods Surveillance data from October 2014 to April 2016 in a military unit was retrieved from the monitoring system for acute respiratory infectious disease pathogens and analyzed with Excel 2007 and SPSS 19.0.Results 183 cases of samples were submitted from 2014 to 2016 in the military unit,and 82 cases were positive.The positive detection rate was 44.81%.The main pathogens were influenza B virus（76.83%）,followed by influenza A（17.07%）,human coronavirus（4.88%） and human parainfluenza virus（1.22%）.The pathogen spectrum of two monitoring periods was similar to the total pathogen spectrum in that influenza B virus was the major pathogen that accounted for 78.75% and 75.93% respectively.The distribution of positive detection rates was similar during the two periods of surveillance.The positive rate tended to decrease between October and December,but began to increase between January and March,and achieved the peak value in March.The age of onset was mainly under 20 years old（51.22%）,followed by 21 - 25 years（40.24%） and 26 - 30 years（8.54%）.Soldiers were the most vulnerable to infections,accounting for 96.34%,while officers accounted for only 3.66%.Positive cases were significantly different from negative cases in fever,cough,headache,and runny nose（P 〈0.05）.Conclusion Influenza B virus and influenza A virus are the main pathogens associated with acute respiratory infectious diseases in this unit.The incidence is high in spring and with obvious clinical symptoms,so targeted prevention and control measures should be taken.