中国民法典中法律行为解释规则的构建

Construction on the Interpretation System of Legal Act in Chinese Civil Code

中国未来民法典应当在总则中抽象规定法律行为或意思表示解释规则,无须区分法律行为解释与意思表示解释。在设计解释规范时应把握解释的对象与目标、解释的类型与解释的方法三个规范层次。解释规则应明确解释的对象与目标,然后再按照一般解释与补充解释的结构来设计规则。一般解释分为自然解释、规范解释以及对社会公众所作出意思表示的解释三种子类型。同时,关于解释方法,未来民法典应放弃具体列举解释方法的做法,改采用更为抽象的表达形式,以更好适应各种解释情形的需要。

In Chinese Civil Code in the future,the abstract interpretation system of legal act or of intention expression should be written down in its Generalintroduction Part,without differentiation between interpretation of legal act and intention expression.Technically,the interpretation system can be emphasized at three levels:the subject matter and objectives of interpretation,the types of interpretation and the methods to interpret.There are two basic kind of interpretations:general interpretation and supplementary interpretation.For general interpretation,it can sub-divided into natural interpretation,standardized interpretation and the interpretation designed for the public.As for the interpretation method,Chinese Civil Code de lex ferenta should take the stance of abstract expression instead of list of concret cases to satisfy ranges of different needs.