非处方咪唑啉类药物的法医毒物分析研究进展

Insight of the OTC Imidazoline Drugs into Forensic Toxicological Analysis

非处方咪唑啉类药物常用于滴眼液或滴鼻液中,用于减轻眼部或鼻部充血,此类药物在使用过量或口服时会产生严重的镇静、昏睡、心动过缓、中枢神经抑制等副作用。这些滴眼液或滴鼻液易于获得且价格便宜,近年来逐渐被不法分子用于强奸、抢劫或凶杀案件中。非处方咪唑啉类药物在体内吸收快、代谢快,对检验时效性和灵敏度要求较高。目前国内外常见的检测方法有光谱法、电化学法、气相色谱法、液相色谱法、色谱质谱法等,但已有研究大多集中于体外药物分析,涉及生物样品的分析方法相对较少。在今后的研究中需利用动物实验进一步深入探讨不同给药方式下咪唑啉类药物的体内代谢过程,建立生物样品中快速高效的筛查方法和检测标准,以便为相关案件的司法鉴定提供可靠的技术支撑。

OTC （over-the-counter） imidazolines are usually used to be administered ophthalmically or intranasally for local decongestion and vasoconstriction, yet able to result in severe side-effects, e.g., serious sedation, lethargy, bradycardia, hypotension and central nervous system depression when they are orally ingested or overdose. Due to the availability of OTC drug and inexpensive cost, imidazolines have been found to use in drug-facilitated sexual assaults and robberies in recent years. OTC imidazolines are prone to rapid onset and elimination, therefore requiring to detect them timely and sensitively. Various analytical methods have been proposed for determination of OTC imidazolines, including spectrofluorimetry, spectrophotometry, electrochemistry, capillary electrophoresis, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. However, most of the methods focus on the in-vitro determination by pharmaceuticals, leaving relatively few methods to involve in biological samples. Thus, it is necessary to further investigate the metabolism of the OTC imidazolines with different administration ways so as to establish fast and effcient screening methods for case-concerned biological samples to support the related cases to be solved.