马克思的平等概念:质疑与重构

Marx's Concept of Equality:Its Queries and Reconstruction

平等概念不仅在一般现代伦理理论中居于优先位置,在马克思主义伦理学中也具有突出的重要性。马克思主义指向资本主义的批判以及针对社会主义的证明需要诉诸平等,而且,关于未来共产主义社会的分配原则也需要借助特定的平等概念来加以阐释和论证。尽管在经典马克思主义那里,"平等"常常遭到质疑或讽刺,但这些否定性命题不能证明马克思、恩格斯反对平等,反而在深层次上揭示出马克思、恩格斯对于平等的承认与追求。理解和建构马克思的平等概念,既需要关注和借用现代平等理论的多维视角,也需要澄清和区分马克思自身关于平等问题论述的两个层次。

The Concept of Equality is not only a priority in general modern ethical theories, but also one of the key words in Marxist ethics. Based on this concept, Marxism takes its criticism against capitalism, arguments for socialism and justifications for communism. Although the concept of equality was questioned or satirized frequently by the classical Marxists, the negative statements could not prove that Marx and Engels were opposed to equality. On the contrary, the statements revealed their recognition and pursuit for it. In order to understand and reconstruct the concept of equality in Marxism, the perspectives of modern equality theories need to be focused on and used for reference, and Marxes two dimensions of the concept of equality should be clarified and analyzed careful-ly.