八股文选本类型考析

Study on Types of Eight-part Essay Anthologies

学界至今缺乏对八股文选本的专门研究,甚至连八股文选本的分类这一基本问题尚未厘清。自明末清初以来,学界对八股文选本普遍采用"四分法"。此法影响深远,几乎成了不刊之论,至今还在袭用,但出现了以偏概全、含糊不清等问题。按照所选八股文的来源与作者的身份,可以将八股文选本分为程墨、房稿、行卷、社稿、硃卷、窗稿、名稿与乡会试录八类;按题目的出处可以分为四书文、五经文、混合型(此外还有一类独特的游戏文选本);按题目的形态可以分为大题、小题、大小题混合型三类。

Scholars haven^ done specialized research on the stereotyped writing anthologies, even the stereotyped writing anthol-ogy classification and some basic problems have not been clarified. Since the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, scholars have gen-erally applied a Quartering On Stereotyped Writing Anthologiesr,. This method has far-reaching influences and has almost become an unalterable statement which we still follow today, but there are problems, such as overgeneralization, vagueness, etc. According to the sources of the anthologies and the identities of the authors, the Eight-part Essay Anthologies can be divided into Cheng Mo, Fang Gao, Xingjuan, She Gao, Zhujuan, Chuang Gao and the Essays in the Provincial or imperial Examinations. According to the sources of the titles of the anthologies, they can be divided into the Four Books Essays, the Five Classics Essays, the Mixed Essays （ Be-sides, a unique class： the Game Essays） ; According to the forms of the titles, they can be divided into Large Size, Small Size and Mixed Size.