清乾隆时期中国科技发展状况及其原因管窥——以英国马戛尔尼使团访华记录为视角

Low Level Development of Chinese Science and Technology in Qianlong Period & the Reason:from Perspective of British Macartney Mission's Visit Record

马戛尔尼使团访华是18世纪中英外交史上的一件大事。该使团主要成员归国后将这次中国之行的记录整理发表,其中包括对中国科技发展情况、落后原因等的观感和分析。以该使团主要成员的访华记录为视角,梳理清乾隆时期中国科技发展状况,分析其中肯之处和偏颇之见,进而探讨彼时中国科技落后于西方的真正历史原因。

The Macartney mission to China is a major event in the history of Chinese and British diplomacy in eighteenth century. After returning to British,the main mission members published the record of the trip to China. The record included the perception of the development of science and technology in China,and the analysis of the reasons.Based on the record,this paper sorts out the development of science and technology in Qianlong period,analyzes the pertinent and biased views,and further explores the real historical reason why China's science and technology lagged behind the west at that time.