研发者专利合作网络中结构洞变化对企业创新能力的影响

The Impact of the Dynamics of Structural Holes in Inventor Collaborative Networks on Enterprises' Innovation Capacity

采用不同于"静态结构—绩效"的研究范式,从动态角度分析结构洞不同演化形式与演化结果之间的关系,为组织和创新管理者整合网络资源提供参考。基于电子信息和机动车行业41家高新企业36 338条专利数据构建研发团队动态合作网络,利用负二项回归模型分析合作网络中结构洞变化对企业创新能力的影响。结果表明,在以研发团队为节点构建的整体网主集团中,结构洞生成和填充数量及其比值对高新技术企业创新能力均有显著正向影响;考虑到时间对网络结构的调节效应,得出以下结论:结构洞填充数量对提高企业创新能力的作用随时间增加而减弱,而结构洞生成数量及其与结构洞填充数量的比值对提高企业创新能力的作用却可以维持较长时间。

In this paper,we analyze the effect of structure holes from the perspective of dynamics,exploring the relationship between the various evolution forms and evolution results of structural holes,which is different from the traditional "static structure-performance" paradigm.We aim at providing some effective advice for individuals and organizations when they integrate the network resources to innovate.The samples of the study cover all the invention and utility model patents from 41 high-tech sectors in China electronic information and the automotive industry.Based on these 36338 patents data,we build the dynamical collaborative network at the team level.Using negative binomial regression model,we analyze the effect of collaborative networks on enterprises' innovation capacity.The empirical results show that:the number of structural holes that generate and are closed as well as their ratio significantly and positively influence the innovation capability of high-tech sectors.Considering time effect,we further get the following conclusions:the number of structural holes generate and closed positively and significantly influence the innovation ability of enterprises,but the effect of the latter weakens over time;like the former,the effect of their ratio can persist within a long period.