西南桦在贵州南部的适生栽培区划与配套栽培技术

Suitable Cultivation Regionalization and Supporting Cultivation Techniquesof Betulaalnoides in Warm Areas of Southern Guizhou

本文对比分析了西南桦的天然分布区、已推广种植区及贵州南部的环境特征,探讨西南桦在贵州南部推广的可行性以及适宜种植区域,结果表明:低温尤其是极端最低气温是限制西南桦在贵州南部种植的主要限制因子,综合分析气象数据推断出适合发展西南桦的地区为册亨、望谟、罗甸,较适宜栽培地区为荔波、从江、榕江等,造林地海拔不宜超过600m。初步经验总结显示,在贵州南部宜选择以黄心土为主要基质的营养袋苗造林,结合及时抚育和施肥管理,可提高西南桦造林成活率和保存率,促进西南桦成林成材。并依据罗甸县的西南桦试验林管理经验,初步总结出在该区域的配套造林和幼林抚育管理技术。

In this paper,the environmental characteristics of southern Guizhou was analyzed on comparison with those of its natural distribution and cultivated areas so as to investigate the feasibility for spreading and suitable planting areas of B.alnoides in southern Guizhou.The results showed that low temperature,especially extreme low temperature,was the main factor limiting cultivation of B.alnoides in southern Guizhou.Based on comprehensive analysis of meteorological data,the suitable areas for developing B.alnoides were deduced as Cengheng,Wangmo and Luodian Counties,the experimental areas were Libo,Congjiang,Rongjiang Counties,etc.,and the planting altitude should not exceed 600 meters in these areas.The preliminary experiences showed that the nutrient bag seedlings with yellow soil as the main substrate should be selected in the southern tropical area of Guizhou.Additionally,tending and fertilizing just in time could increase survival rate and growth of B.alnoides,and promote healthy development of its plantations in these areas.Furthermore,afforestation and young stand management techniques of B.alnoides were summarized preliminarily on the basis of experimental plantation survey and management in Luodian County.