互助与津贴:中国农村养老问题的特殊性及其对策研究——基于CLASS(2014)的分析

Mutual Help and Social Subsidies: A Study about the Particular Features of Elderly Care in Rural China and Its Policy Implications——An Analysis of the CLASS Data

在城镇化、老龄化以及"孝"文化传统的三重背景下,农村养老问题显示出了家庭养老功能减退、土地保障功能削弱以及社区和机构养老资源缺失三个趋势。在现状方面,农村老年人具有对生活照料的需求更为强烈、对精神慰藉的需求更强以及经济来源更加缺乏的特点。由此,在家庭养老功能减退以及社区和机构养老功能发展不足的背景下,本文为缓解农村养老问题提出了相应的政策建议,即鼓励各种形式的互助养老实践、设立农村老人照顾津贴以及重视离乡子女对老年照料的支持。

Under the triple background of urbanization,aging and " filial" cultural traditions,elderly care in rural China shows the three trends,which are the diminishing of family security function,the weakening the land security function,and the lack of resources from communities and institutions. Therefore,in the aspect of current situation,the problem of elderly care in rural areas are characterized by a stronger demand for living care,a stronger sense of loneliness,a stronger demand for spiritual comfort,and a lack of financial resources. Thus,in the context of the decline of family security function and the insufficient development of security function of community and institution,this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations to alleviate the elderly care problems of rural China,which are to encourage all kinds of mutual aid practice,set up the allowance for the elderly care in rural China,and attach importance to the support of young generals to the elderly care.