瑞典记账制养老金的给付与自动调节

Benefits of Notional Defined Contribution Pension and Its Automatic Adjustment in Sweden

瑞典开发的记账制养老金与自动调节机制,其制度设计的理念,在过去20多年的全球性养老金改革中,被越来越多的国家所采用,其中既有发达国家也有发展中国家。与之相比,世界银行等国际金融机构所推广的公共养老金私有化改革,从2008年的金融危机开始,被越来越多的发展中国家所放弃。本文在阐明记账制养老金的必要性的基础上,详细总结了瑞典的记账制养老金的缴费与给付计算方法、记账利率的确定方式、自动调节机制的工作原理以及记账制所附带的最低养老金制度,以此展示出记账制养老金模式的改革是如何在保证了财政可持续性的基础上,同时兼顾了公共养老金制度的两个基本目标:防止老年贫困与提供收入替代养老金。

Either Sweden's Notional Defined Contribution( NDC) pension and automatic adjustment mechanism,or their inherent core principles,have been adopted by more and more countries during the global pension reforms in the past two decades. However,the privatization of public pensions advocated by international institutions has been abandoned by more and more developing countries. Based on the recent trends of global pension reforms,this paper explains in details the calculation methodology of benefits of NDC models,notional interest rates,automatic adjustment mechanism,and minimum pensions. Through this process,we could understand more clearly how NDC models have well achieved the two basic objectives of public pensions simultaneously: preventing old age poverty and offering income replacement,while maintaining fiscal sustainability.