乡村振兴战略下农村居民点时空特征及其影响因素研究——以江西省为例

Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Driving Forces of Rural Settlements in Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy:A Case Study of Jiangxi Province

基于江西省农村居民点图斑数据,综合运用网格分析、样带分析及地理探测器等方法,结合网格和县域两种尺度,对农村居民点数量及规模的空间演化进行分析;并利用地理探测器对县域层面农村居民点用地面积的驱动因素进行探究。研究表明:江西省农村居民点呈现数量多、规模小、大分散小集聚的基本特征,农村居民点数量和面积均呈现北多南少空间格局;农村居民点围绕城镇密集区、地势低平区域、中心村镇具有显著集聚特征;农村居民点用地规模格局是在农业发展及人口增长(内生动力)、县域经济发展及投资带动(外部动力)、地形条件(基础性制约条件)综合作用下形成的。尝试从城乡统筹视角提出优化江西省农村居民点格局的政策建议,主要包括优化乡村土地资源配置、提升中心村镇生产生活功能、因地制宜推进农业转移人口市民化等。

As the major form of human habitation for rural residents,rural settlements are critical ecological-production-living spaces in the rural area.Taking Jiangxi Province as the survey region,based on the remote sensing image data,this paper analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and the driving force of rural settlements in Jiangxi Province since 2005 by using the methods including grid analysis,transect and geography detectors.The main conclusions are drawn as follows.Generally,the spatial distribution of the rural settlementsis characterized by large number and small scale.The spatial pattern of rural settlements in Jiangxi showed a north-south differentiation.The regions with more than five natural villages in a 5 km × 5 km grid were mainly found in the middle and north of the study area,especially in Poyang Lake plain,Ganfu plain and Jitai basin,where the rural settlements were clustered around the central city and rural settlements land was used extensively.In terms of scale,the areas of rural residential land in the plain area were much larger,especially in the Poyang Lake plain and Ganfupalin,and most of the rural settlements area scale was larger than 1 sq km in the 5 km × 5 km grid.On the contrary,the mountain areas,especially those in Gannan area,lagged behind other developed regions in economic development,urbanization and industrialization,so that the area of rural residential land were smaller in this region with a lower density of rural settlements.We found that the spatial distribution of rural settlements presented a significant tendency of agglomeration,and the natural villages in proximity to lowland plain areas,counties,and central villages.Results of the geodetector analysis indicated that the driving forces which influence county level rural settlements pattern include mainly agricultural development,population growth,development of county's economic and terrain condition.Finally,this paper puts forward some reasonable proposals on optimization of land use pattern and sustainable urbanization for reference.