组合关系和聚合关系的传承与发展--从Saussure,Hjelmslev到Firth

The Inheritance and Evolution of Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Relations——From Saussure,Hjelmslev to Firth

语言学研究中,对一些看似简单的基本概念的历史背景、演化轨迹及其内涵,人们未必十分了然。本文追根溯源,厘清"组合关系"和"聚合关系"在语言学研究不同阶段的概念内涵,并深究基于这两种关系的重要语言学思想的传承与发展路径:(1)Saussure提出组合关系和联想关系;(2)Hjelmslev修改联想关系为聚合关系,并认为语篇是一个动态的组合"过程",语言是一个静态的聚合"系统";(3)Firth辨析组合关系中的搭配和类联接,并基于组合和聚合层面构建了"结构"和"系统"的语言描写框架。Firth的这一思想是后来Neo-Firthian学派理论发展的奠基石。

In linguistics, some basic concepts which seem to be simple are not necessarily so clear to us about their historical backgrounds, developmental routes and connotations. The present paper attempts to clarify the conceptual connotations of the two concepts"syntagmatic relations"and"paradigmatic relations"in their different developmental stages of linguistic research.It probes into the tracks of the inheritance and evolution of linguistic thoughts hidden behind them:(1) Saussure puts forth the notions of syntagmatic relations and associative relations.(2) Hjelmslev uses the term of paradigmatic relations to replace associative relations. Meanwhile, Hjelmslev considers a text to be a dynamic"process"of syntagmatic relations, and a language system to be a static"system"of paradigmatic relations.(3) Firth brings forth the ideas of collocation and colligation on the syntagmatic axis. Furthermore, Firth's descriptive framework of structure and system, grounded on the syntagmatic and paradigmatic axes respectively, constitutes a theoretical foundation for the development of neo-Firthian school.