论清人自我情感书写之突破——以女性忆传文为中心

Studies on the Breakthrough in Writing of Affective-Self in Qing Dynasty:With a Focus on Memorial-Biography of the Female

真率和不避琐细的私人情感书写被认为是清代忆语文——尤其是其杰出代表《浮生六记》的主要成就,而综观清代士绅所作女性忆传文,则可知忆语文的这种近代化写情倾向并非空谷绝响,而是清人女性忆传文写情真率细致化的整体倾向之典型代表。抒情主客体自身形象及情感关系的不加美化讳饰及其所带来的真实感,具象化、细致化、场景化、情节化等一般用于叙事文学、虚构文学的写作技法在明代小品文中初现端倪后,清代被大量引入文人对自我和家族女性的情感书写之中,这些新变和突破使原属应用文体的碑传序志文具有了强烈的个人感情色彩和文学性,可谓近世文体融合的一个缩影。此类写情细腻真率之作在笔者搜集到的千余篇女性忆传文中虽非多数,但其凸显的古典文学向现代文学演变的轨迹却具有不可低估的意义。

The emotional self-narrative characterized by sincere and straightforward lyrical and exquisite depiction of family chores is considered to be the main literary achievement of Yiyu, especially its representative work Six Chapters of Floating Life. However, through the collection and study of the memorial biographies of the female in Qing Dynasty, it can be seen that this modem writing tendency shown in Yiyu does not suddenly appear for no reason, but the typical examples of the overall tendency shown in the memorial biography of the female in Qing Dynasty.The non-beautification of image and emotional relationship of the lyrical subject, the object, the realism, the concrete, meticulous vivid description, scene, plot and other writing skills that generally used in narrative or fictional literature are introduced into the writers＇ emotional self-narratives about themselves and women from their own family. These new changes and breakthroughs make certain practical writing such as epitaphs, funeral orations, and preface about women emotional distinctive and personal, which can be described as a microcosm of modem fusion of literary forms. However, the prominent classical literature to the evolution of modem literature trajectory has the meaning can not be underestimated. Although this kind of exquisite and sincere works in the memorial biography of female in the Qing dynasty is not the majority, but as a silhouette of the evolution of classical literature to modem literature,the meaning can not be underestimated.