“有裨风教”与“舒其愤懑”的双重考量——章学诚修改《文史通义·言公》初稿考论

Correct the Academic Morality and Express Anger:On modifying the Draft of Yangong of Wenshitongyi by Chang Hsueh-Cheng

《言公》是《文史通义》中重要的文章,是章学诚批判乾嘉学风的代表作,存在着不同的版本。将《湖海文传》本《言公》与通行本比勘,文字差异颇大。考察这种差异,可知章学诚晚年对其进行了补写改订,一方面保留了手稿批判不良学风,倡导言公传统的主旨;另一方面则与其自身遭遇有关,有借以回应"盗卖"《史籍考》舆论风波的意图,体现出"有裨风教"与"舒其愤懑"的双重考虑。这对了解《文史通义》篇章的内容变化及其与章氏晚年境遇之间的关系颇有助益。

Yangong is a significant article in Wenshitongyi, which is Chang Hsueh-Cheng＇s magnum opus in criticizing Qian-jia study style, and for such an article, there are different versions. The article in Huhaiwenchuan is different from the popular version by comparison, especially in words. By comparing the difference, we find that Chang Hsueh-Cheng has revised Yangong in his twilight years. By doing so, his aim lays in two aspects, one is to criticize the harmful academic tendency, initiating the tradition of speaking for the public; the other is to explain that he was not going to steal and sell Shijikao, representing his double consideration of letting off steam and being benefit to social custom. All of which is helpful for us to understand the changing of the contents in Wenshitongyi and Chang＇s circumstance in his later years.