大数据时代的珍稀史料考释及史学价值所在——大英图书馆藏“发信件簿”数据化处理及其反映清帝国通讯之侧影

The Annotations and Historical Values of Rare Historical Literature in the Era of Big Data——The Data Processing of the Send Mail Thinin the British Library and Its Reflection of the Profile of the Qing Empire Communication

大英图书馆收藏有大量涉及中国历史的珍稀文献,这些文献很少公布或得到利用,有些数据庞大,适合利用计算机等现代工具进行数据处理与分析。针对大数据时代珍稀史料的处理与运用,通过数据统计及电脑制图的方式,考释大英图书馆藏"发信件薄",并加以逻辑分类,且就其所蕴含信息展开计量分析,意在探讨义和团运动前后清帝国中央与地方信函往来的频率及其时间段等,由此而及内忧外患中清帝国面对危机其信息交流的缓急程度;从侧面也可窥见清帝国通讯系统之地理空间分布之一斑。

The British Library collects a large number of Chinese precious historical literature and most of them are basically not published or utilized. Some data are huge, which is suitable for data processing and analyzing by using computer or other modern tools. In view of processing and the application of the rare historical materials in the era of big data, the author attempts to interpret the sent mail thin of the British Library using the method of data statistics and computer graphics, and then to classify the interpretations logically and make a quantitative analysis of the information contained in it. The thesis aims at discussing the frequency and time cycle of the letter exchanges between the central and local districts of the Qing Empire before and after the Boxer Rebellion, thus seeing the degree of the urgency in the exchange of information when the Qing Empire faced the internal and external crises- The communication system of the Qing Empire can also be seen from the geographical distribution of space by the profile.