作为危机理论的历史唯物主义:三个问题向度

Three Philosophical Dimensions of a Theory of Crisis:Historical Materialism

从金融危机到贸易壁垒,从宗教冲突极端化到西方政治总体右转,曾经自我标榜为普世价值的资本主义"元叙事"在21世纪资本主义危机中逐渐走向了自我否定。在20世纪至今的意识形态领域,这种"元叙事"不仅引发了名为"历史终结"的历史危机,更通过标榜"意见自由"的代议制民主引发了政治危机,并最终导致了哲学自身的危机。历史唯物主义是现代社会的危机理论,一方面作为历史科学对资本主义时代的诸种意识形态予以彻底批判,另一方面作为实践的理论而不断促成革命性的事件。马克思对历史发展规律的洞察,以及对"消灭哲学"这一命题的探讨,仍然是克服现实危机的重要理论依据。

Having experienced capitalist crisis both in economy and politics in the 21st century, the ＂meta -narration＂ of capitalism once self-proclaimed as universal value has gradually been self-denying. Since 20th century, the ＂meta-narration＂ in the ideological field has not only triggered a historical crisis called ＂the end of history＂, but also brought about a political crisis through representative democracy that flaunts ＂freedom of opinion＂, and eventually led to the crisis of philosophy. Historical materialism is a theory of crisis in modern society. On the one hand it introduces the critique upon the capitalist ideologies from the view of historical science- on the other hand, it also facilitates the occurrences of revolutionary events as a theory of practice. Marx＇s insight into the law of historical development and his exploration of the ＂ Eradicating Philosophy＂ remains an important theoretical basis for overcoming the crisis of reality.