上海中心城区公共服务设施社会需求匹配研究

Study on Social Needs Matching of Public Service Facilities in the Central City of Shanghai

文章利用政府开放数据和互联网数据，从不同社会群体的资源需求出发，首先构建公共服务设施的公益性谱系，在此基础上分析上海中心城区不同社会群体间享有公共服务设施的需求匹配问题。结果显示，部分设施呈现公益性与市场性兼具的特征，其中公共服务设施在户籍和职业属性上均存在明显的匹配性差异。上海中心城区公服设施的匹配性问题在职业和户籍属性上较为突出，外来人口、低学历和低职业群体在享有公益性设施上存在明显的供给不足现象，而户籍人口和老龄人口表现出更加明显的空间失衡。本文关于公共服务设施的社会需求匹配分析为相应的规划政策提供了实证基础：揭示了社会空间隔离导致的市场性设施不足的问题，同时也反映出规划设计和项目管理中公益性与市场性设施供给主体之间的配置问题。

By using the government＇s open data and lnternet data, this paper first establishes a public welfare spectrum for the public service facilities, and then analyzes the demands of different social groups for public service facilities in the central city of Shanghai from the view of the demand for resources. The results show that, some facilities have both the public welfare and market features, and the public service facilities have obvious matching differences in terms of occupation and household registration. Such matching problems also exist in the public service facilities in the central area of Shanghai. The migrant population, the poor educational group, and the low occupational group are unable to enjoy the same the public welfare facilities and resources as local residents, while there is a more obvious spatial imbalance in the registered population and aging population. The research on the social demand matching of public service facilities provides an empirical foundation for the related planning policies. It reveals the problem that social spatial segregation can lead to the lack of market-featured facilities, and at the same time, it also reflects the allocation problem between the main bodies that supply public welfare facilities and market-featured facilities in the urban planning and design as well as project management.