魏晋南北朝皇家园林的演变及其表征

Transformation and Characterization of Imperial Gardens in Wei, Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties

在秦汉大一统的历史时期,皇家园林呈现相对稳定的发展势态;魏晋南北朝长期的动乱分裂局势及其对社会广泛而深刻的影响,则致成皇家园林的发展呈现颇为明显的动态演变的特征。大一统基础的削弱,导致皇家园林由帝国象征趋落于现实生活,转向相对适度,乃至收敛平实的表现。政治、经济及文化中心从北方转移到南方,江南优势的自然环境与社会经济,为皇家园林的发展奠定了坚实的物质基础,并导引了皇家园林新的发展势态。南方造园工艺及南方园林风格,亦对北方皇家园林产生相当程度的影响。帝王皇族的文士化则促使皇家园林的功能,由彰显帝王意识张扬王朝气象转向君臣禊宴畅逸游娱;皇家园林的生活方式,也显示出由奢华享乐向游娱赋诗的转化。

Under the grand unification period in Qin and Han Dynasties, Imperial Gardens revealed a relatively stable momentum of development, while in the long-term unrestful split in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, profound social impact encouraged the development of Imperial Gardens in a dynamic feature. Imperial Gardens shifted from imperial symbol to real life and turned to a relatively modest execution as a result of weakening foundation of the grand unification. Political, economical and cultural center transferred from the north to the south, with advanced natural environment and social economy of the southern region, solid foundation for the development of imperial garden was driven to a new progression. The Southern Garden style and gardening technique exerted a considerable influence on the Northern Royal Gardens. The literati culture in court transformed the function of Imperial Gardens from highlighting dynastic power to entertaining noble guests, whereas Imperial Garden lifestyle also transformed from luxurious pleasure to aesthetic entertainment.