西北半干旱区秸秆带状覆盖对土壤水分及马铃薯产量的影响

Effects of Straw Strip Mulching on Soil Moisture and Potato Yield in Northwest Semi-arid Region of China

为了探明玉米秸秆带状覆盖对西北半干旱区马铃薯田土壤水分及产量的影响,设置地膜覆盖(M1)、秸秆带状平覆(M2)、垄沟覆杆(M3)和传统不覆盖(CK)4个处理,通过2年田间试验,对比分析了不同覆盖方式对生长指标、土层含水率、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:3种覆盖方式较CK显著增产11.68%~21.74%,提高水分利用效率22.82%~48.63%。覆盖种植较CK单株产量提高26.02%~48.37%,株高增加3.18%~12.82%,单株生物量增加0.59%~26.49%,全生育期作物耗水量降低55.29~66.21mm,以秸秆带状平覆(M2)最好或较好。全生育期0—200cm土层平均含水率平水年黑膜大垄(M1)较CK低0.89个百分点,偏旱年较CK高1.30个百分点;秸秆带状平覆(M2)无论平水年还是偏旱年分别较M1及CK高0.20~0.89及0~1.50个百分点。其中以秸秆带状平覆(M2)在作物生长、增产及水分利用效率等方面效果较好,适宜西北半干旱地区推广。

In order to investigate the effects of maize straw strip mulching on soil moisture and yield in potato field in northwest semi-arid region of China,four treatments（M1：Big ridge black film mulch planting,M2：Maize straw strip mulching on flat planting,M3：Maize straw strip mulching on furrow and ridge planting,CK：Conventional tillage with no straw covered）were conducted to compare the effects of different mulching patterns on the growth index,soil moisture in different layers,potato yield and water use efficiency in two growing seasons field experiment.Results showed that three mulching patterns significantly increased the yield by 11.68%-21.74%,and improved the water use efficiency by 22.82%-48.63%compared with CK.Compared to CK,single plant yield increased 26.02%-48.37%,the height of plant increased 3.18%-12.82%,single plant biomass increased 0.59% -26.49% and water consumption of crops during the whole growth period decreased 55.29-66.21 mm,thus M2 had the best or better effects.In the potato whole growth period,the average soil moisture in 0—200 cm soil layers in black plastic-film mulching big ridge pattern（M1）was lower than CK by 0.89 percentage points in a normal precipitation year,and M1 is higher than CK by 1.30 percentage points in slight drought year.M2 was better than M1 and CK in whether normal precipitation or slight drought year,and it was 0.20-0.89 and 0-1.50 percentage points higher than M1 and CK,respectively.Among them,maize straw strip mulching on flat planting（M2）had good effects on crop growth,yield increase and water use efficiency,which is suitable for promotion in Northwest semi-arid region.