熏蒸条件下有机肥部分替代化肥对西瓜生长及养分利用的影响

Effects of Partial Substitution for Chemical Fertilizer by Organic Manure on the Growth and Nutrient Use of Watermelon Under Fumigation Condition

基于田间大棚试验,采用等量养分原则,分析生物有机肥、蚯蚓粪、鸡粪等不同有机肥部分替代化肥对西瓜生长、产量、品质以及养分利用的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,有机肥部分替代化肥均不同程度提高了西瓜叶绿素含量、光合性能、产量及品质,其中以蚯蚓粪与化肥配施效果最佳,其光合性能显著高于单施化肥,产量提高了33.63%,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及维生素C含量分别增加了14.07%,14.47%和17.52%。有机肥部分替代化肥施肥处理的肥料利用率高于单施化肥,土壤养分元素依存率低于单施化肥,以蚯蚓粪配施化肥作用效果最为显著,氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为26.02%,5.67%和29.89%,土壤氮、磷、钾素依存率分别为20.96%,20.32%和31.55%。熏蒸处理的西瓜枯萎病发病率整体低于未熏蒸处理,其中熏蒸条件下蚯蚓粪部分替代化肥施肥处理西瓜发病率最低,仅为4.76%。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of partial substitution for chemical fertilizer by different organic manure on the growth,yield,quality and nutrient use efficiency of watermelon under equivalent nutrients.Ten treatments were designed,including no fertilizer（CK）,conventional chemical fertilizer（CF）,chicken manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer（CM）,vermicompost partial substitution for chemical fertilizer（VC）and bio-organic fertilizer partial substitution for chemical fertilizer（BOF）under fumigating with dazomet or not.Results showed that organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer could improve chlorophyll content,photosynthetic performance,yield and quality of watermelon with different degrees.Compared to CF,VC could significantly enhance the leaf photosynthetic performance of watermelon,and the plants under VC were the highest in watermelon yield,soluble sugar,soluble protein,ascorbic acid,i.e.33.63%,14.07%,14.47% and 17.52% respectively,higher than CF.The fertilizer use efficiency was improved significantly under organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer.After watermelon was harvested,the fertilizer utilization efficiencies of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in VC treatment were 26.02%,5.67% and 29.89% respectively.On the other hand,the VC could obviously decline soil nutrient elements dependency,the dependent rate of soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 20.96%,20.32%and 31.55%respectively.And biological fumigation had an inhibiting effect on Fusarium wilt disease incidence of watermelon,the disease incidence in VC under fumigation condition was only 4.76%,which was the lowest among all treatments.