不同改良物料及其配施组合对黄河三角洲滨海盐碱土的改良效果

Improvement Effects of Different Ameliorants and Their Combinations on Coastal Saline-alkali Soil in the Yellow River Delta

以玉米为研究对象,在盆栽条件下,探究脱硫石膏、蚯蚓粪、硫磺、糠醛渣、沸石对土壤改良的效果,并据此设计改良剂配施组合,研究不同改良剂配施组合对玉米生长发育及土壤性状的改良作用。结果表明:在0—20cm土层中,脱硫石膏、硫磺、糠醛渣、蚯蚓粪、沸石处理的土壤pH值均有不同程度的降低,轻度盐碱条件下降低了0.05~0.19个单位;中度盐碱条件下降低了0.20~0.33个单位。脱硫石膏可显著降低0—20cm土层水溶性Na^+含量。根据不同改良剂的改良特点,设计了T1(脱硫石膏+硫磺+蚯蚓粪)和T2(蚯蚓粪+沸石+脱硫石膏+糠醛渣)两种具有综合改良效果的改良剂配施组合,均能显著增加玉米植株生物量,在轻度盐碱条件下,较空白处理分别增加了77.75%和129.22%;中度盐碱条件下,分别增加了148.13%和170.31%。并且各配施处理(T1和T2)均能降低0—20cm表层土壤的pH。在滨海盐渍土中施用综合改良剂能促进作物生长和改善土壤性状,可以作为未来滨海盐渍土快速改良的重要措施之一。

With maize as the research object,we conducted a pot experiment to firstly explore the soil improvement effects of desulfurization gypsum,vermicompost,sulfur,furfural residue and zeolite,then designed the appropriate combinations of ameliorants for both improving maize growth and soil properties.The results showed that the average pH value in the 0—20 cm soil layer with desulfurization gypsum,sulfur,furfural residue,vermicompost and zeolite treatments were decreased by 0.05-0.19 units under the slight saline-alkali conditions,and by 0.20-0.33 units under the moderate saline-alkali conditions,compared to the control treatment.In addition,desulfurization gypsum significantly reduced soil water-soluble Na-＋ content in the 0—20 cm soil layer.According to the improved characteristics of different ameliorants,two combinations ameliorants of T1（desulfurization gypsum ＋ sulfur＋ vermicompost）and T2（vermicompost＋zeolite＋ desulfurization gypsum ＋ furfural residue）with comprehensive improvement effect were designed.These two combinations significantly increased maize biomass by 77.75% and 129.22% under the slight saline-alkali conditions,and by 148.13% and 170.31% under the moderate saline-alkali conditions,respectively.Meanwhile,they reduced the pH value of 0—20 cm surface soil.In conclusion,the application of the comprehensive ameliorants in coastal saline soils could promote crop growth and improve soil properties,which could be used as one of the important measures for the rapid improvement of coastal saline soil in the future.