简牍所见秦汉行政法研究述评

Review of Studies on Administrative Laws in Qin and Han from Bamboo Slips

秦汉简牍文献含有大量的律、令、科、品、式等成文单行行政法律和法规,弥补了秦汉传世文献史料的不足。当前学术界在中国行政法史、秦汉政治制度史、简牍资料研究等方面取得了不少的成就。学者们的研究主要集中在简牍与秦汉行政组织法、简牍与秦汉行政权力运作法、简牍与秦汉人事行政法、简牍与秦汉行政事务部门法、简牍与秦汉行政法表现形式、简牍与秦汉行政法立法思想等方面。通过对主要研究成果的梳理可知,简牍与秦汉行政法的研究随着简牍资料的不断出土和丰富,研究领域不断拓展,研究内容进一步深化,研究方法不断更新,成绩喜人,进展迅速。但是也有不足的地方,主要表现在:一是研究内容单一,主要集中在秦汉法律制度和行政制度两个方面,对其他领域缺乏深入认识;二是缺乏理论建构和系统性研究;三是对简牍中的秦汉行政法资料挖掘不足,重视不够。要改变这一现状,要做到以下几点:一是转变观念,正确认识秦汉行政法的特点、地位和作用;二是要改进研究方法,注重加强对简牍中行政法资料的汇编、整理和释读;三是要进一步拓展简牍所见秦汉行政法的内容,全面展示秦汉行政法的成就;四是要特别重视简牍所见秦汉行政法规范体系的研究;五是从整体上利用简牍资料,对简牍所见秦汉行政法立法思想、内容、特点、地位、作用进行全面研究;六是要注重简牍行政法资料与传世文献记载的互证、对传世文献的补缺、对传世文献的考异,从而达到既重视简牍记载的行政法资料的作用,又能够全面展示秦汉行政法内容的研究之目的。

A large number of administrative laws and regulations are found in Bamboo slip documents in Qin and Han,those make up for the documents and historical data handed down from then. At present,the academic circle has made achievements in the history of Chinese administrative laws,the history of political system in Qin and Han,and the study of bamboo slips. With the increasing number of bamboo slips,the research of administrative laws in Qin and Han has made rapid progress,to be specific,expanding research fields,deepening research depth and updating research methods. However, there are some deficiencies in bamboo slip studies,such as limited research fields,lack of theory construction and systematic study,and inadequate data mining of administrative laws in Qin and Han in bamboo slips. To change the situation,several things must be done,including having correct understanding of the administrative laws in Qin and Han,improving research method,further showing the administrative laws,reinforcing their system study,having all-round study on them,valuing existing historical documents.