《鹖冠子·天权》篇的军事思想及其与先秦诸子关系研究

The Study of the Relationship between the Military Ideas of Tianquan in Heguanzi and Pre-Qin Scholars

《鹖冠子·天权》篇不是记载鹖冠子思想的文章,而是战国末期兼容黄老之学的兵家作品。它的主要思想是:提出全面了解客观情势以免贻误军机;用兵要效法天道、遵循天地人三才的特点,要运用五行五音以取胜;效法先王,以德化民。《天权》篇与《鹖冠子》、黄老之学、先秦兵家有密切关系,其天道观、君主施政效法天道、配合五行论、君主保形养神论、重知、运用天地人的三才观等主要思想均与战国时期黄老学说、先秦兵家等流派有着一脉相承的渊源;它提出的"絜天地而游"境界说应受庄子学派影响;重视全面掌握知识是受荀子解蔽说的影响,反映了战国末期百家学说互相影响、海纳百川的特点。

Tianquan in Heguanzi is not an article recording Heguanzi's thoughts,but a military work having the thinking of the Emperor Huang and Lao Tzu in the late period of the warring states. Its main ideas include getting a whole picture of objective situation in case of missing military chance,making full use of heaven,earth and man in war,using the five elements and five notes to win,with favor to influence people. Obviously,its ideas are under the impact of the thinking of the Emperor Huang and Lao Tzu,Pre-Qin militarists,Zhuangzi and Xunzi,which shows the characteristic of interaction and being ecletic of hundred schools of thoughts in the late period of the warring states.