在全球化、后工业化中考察规则的功能

Investigate the Function of Rules in the Globalization and Post-industrialization

在人类历史上的每一个阶段,规则对人的社会生活和社会交往都具有非常重要的意义,工业社会时期将此发挥到了极致。现在,人类社会正处在全球化、后工业化进程中。立足于全球化、后工业化时代看未来,我们应当对社会生活、社会交往以及社会治理中的规则进行考察,以便规划未来社会的生活和治理。人类的社会治理是以组织的形式出现的,是通过组织的治理,其实,一切社会生活都需要建立在组织的基础上。组织意味着人们在个体的结构中聚集起来开展共同行动,因而需要规则,规则是人们共同行动中不可缺少的因素。全球化、后工业化呈现给我们的是社会的高度复杂性和高度不确定性,这种条件下的社会生活、社会治理,必然都是以共同行动的形式出现的,因而也需要规则。但是,规则的形式和功能都将不同于工业社会。高度复杂性和高度不确定性条件下的共同行动更多的是针对危机事件而开展的行动,表现为应急性的行动,从而要求规则必须是灵活的和富有弹性的。

In each stage of human history,rules play an important role in human social life and social interaction. However,industrial society has taken this to the extreme. Now,human society is in the process of globalization and post-industrialization,which means the beginning of a new phase of human history. Based on the era of globalization and post-industrialization,the future of social life,rules in social interaction and social governance should be examined in order to plan the life and governance of the future society. Human social governance appears in the form of organization and is governed by the organization. In fact,all social life needs to base on the organization. Organization means that human gathered together in the structure of the individual to carry out joint action,which requires rules and rules are an indispensable factor in the common action. Globalization and post-industrialization present us with a high degree of complexity and uncertainty in society. Under such conditions,social life and social governance inevitably come in the form of cooperative action. Therefore,rules are also needed. However,the form and function of rules will differ from those of industrial society. Cooperative action under conditions of high complexity and high level of uncertainty is more of an action directed at crisis events and is characterized by an act of urgency so that requires rules to be flexible and resilient.