清代汤河围场述略——兼及直隶口外地区的察哈尔左翼四旗

A Brief History of Tang-he Gameland in Qing Dynasty

清廷曾于顺治初年至乾隆十八年间,在直隶口外的丰宁县汤河乡一带,设有一处汤河围场,用于清帝行围,史所不载。为了同时管理该围场与木兰围场,清朝派出了一部分察哈尔镶黄、正白、镶白、正蓝旗官兵至该处驻牧,这就是当地"四旗厅"名称的由来。这一察哈尔左翼四旗"分部",与驻牧于张家口、独石口外察哈尔左翼四旗"本部"不同,但亦有一定的联系。在汤河围场被开垦之后,察哈尔左翼四旗"分部"的身份逐渐向定居的"民"转化,并最终融入了八旗制度当中。

In the early years of Shunzhi and Qianlong Reign,the Qing Government set up Tang-he Gameland in the Fengning County,adjacent to Chihli Province.In order to guard Tang-he and Mulan Gamelands,4 divisions of Chaharsoldiers were stationed in the area.The divisions were named after the different colors of their banners,thus they constituted the ＂Four Banners Department＂.They were the subdivision of the Chahar Left Wing,while the headquarter was stationed outside Kalgan and Dushikou.After the reclamation of the Tang-he Gameland,the military personnel gradually becamecivilians,as a part of the Eight Banners System.