《论语》疑义辨析三则

Interpretation of the Three Assertions in Analects of Confucius

在《论语》中,《学而》篇的"因不失其亲,亦可宗也"、《子罕》篇的"子罕言利与命与仁"、《阳货》篇的"如有用我者,吾其为东周乎",三者的解释层出不穷,释义繁多。根据先秦典籍"因"字用法,应将"因"释为"亲","因不失其亲"是表达一种"亲亲"之道,这既符合重亲的思想,也能够表达对宗族的尊敬;根据汉魏典籍征引以及《论语》中孔子与弟子的对话情况,孔子"罕言利"是因为"利"是盗乱之根源,"罕言命"是因为"命"乃深微难见,罕言"仁"是少说仁的意义,说的都是如何"为仁";将"吾其为东周"释为"像周文王、周武王一样‘运德于一城,将欲舒之于天下’,实现文、武之功业"。

In Analects of Confucius,there are the following three assertions such as "hence I will not lose the support of my family members and relatives as well as that of the clan" in Xueer,"Zi Han talks about benefit and life and benevolence" in Zi Han and "if I am put in an important position,I will restore the rites of Zhou in the East" in Yang Huo.Various interpretations of them have emerged in an endless stream.According to the usage of the word "Qin" in the pre Qin classics,"Yin" ought to be explained as "Qin"."Hence I will not lose the support of my family members and relatives as well as that of the clan" is the expression of "Qinqin",which is consistent with the thought of valuing the family and also may express respect for the clan.According to the dialogue between Confucius and his disciples and the citing classics in the Han and Wei dynasties in Analects of Confucius,the author of this paper observes that Confucius' "Han talks about benefit" because "benefit" is the root of all troubles;he"talks about life",because"life"is deep.When Zi Han talks about "benevolence",he does not emphasize the meaning of "benevolence",but how to practice "benevolence."I will restore the rites of Zhou" can be interpreted as "like Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang,if there are virtues practiced in the city,they will be spread all over the world and thus "Wen" and "Wu" can be achieved