保山市冬马铃薯氮磷钾肥料效应研究

Study of N,P and K Fertilizer Effects on Winter Potato in Baoshan

保山市冬马铃薯生产中普遍存在氮肥用量偏高、磷钾肥施用不足的现象,探究该区域冬马铃薯高产施肥方案具有重要意义。采用二次正交旋转组合设计,建立氮磷钾肥料效应函数模型,通过频率分析得到高产施肥方案。结果表明:保山市冬马铃薯肥料效应函数模型为Y=11 507.21+28.136N+25.759P+13.841K,目标产量>30 000 kg/hm^2的施肥方案为N 376.4~422.5 kg/hm^2、P2O5122.8~177.5 kg/hm^2、K2O407.3~514.3 kg/hm^2,氮、磷、钾施肥比例为1∶0.38∶1.15。氮磷钾配施能显著提高马铃薯产量,且氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的增产效应均达到了极显著水平,增产效应顺序为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥。

Higher amount of nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient P and K fertilizer were widespread in winter potato production in Baoshan. It is significant to get the fertilization model for high yield of winter potato. Using quadratic orthogonal rotation design,the function model of N,P and K fertilizer effects was set up, and the fertilization scheme for high yield was get by frequency analysis. The results showed that the function model was Y =11 507.21 ＋28.136 N ＋25.759 P ＋13.841 K. When the target yield was more than 30 000 kg/hm^2,the fertilizer scheme was N 376.4-422.5 kg/hm^2,P2 O5122.8-177.5 kg/hm^2 and K2 O 407.3-514.3 kg/hm^2,and the ratio of N,P and K was 1 ∶0.38∶1.15. The combined application of N,P and K fertilizers could increase the potato yield significantly, the yield increasing effect of N,P and K fertilizers reached significantly level,and the order of fertilizer effect was NPK.