河北省棉花品种冀棉25的育种利用效果分析

Analysis on Breeding Effect of Cotton Variety Jimian 25 from Hebei Province

针对棉花生产中棉铃虫连年暴发为害,以及枯萎病和黄萎病常年大发生的严重问题,河北省各育种单位选用具有海岛棉、陆地棉和野生棉丰富遗传基础的抗病、高产棉花品种冀棉25为母本,以转基因抗虫棉为父本杂交,进行抗虫性的转育与品种改良,通过连续多年定向选择培育出抗虫棉新品种16个,其中纤维品质Ⅰ型品种1个、Ⅱ型品种3个。对这些育成品种的产量性状、抗病性和纤维品质性状进行分类汇总,分析了冀棉25的育种利用效果,并得到一些启示:亲本遗传基础丰富,选育优良品种多;逐步改良实现性状突破,结合同步选择实现主要性状的协同提高。

Aiming at the serious problem of successive outbreaks and great occurrence of Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt all the year around in cotton production,Jimian 25 with high yield,high quality and diseaseresistant,which had the genetic information of Gossypium barbadense,G.hirsutum and wild cotton was selected as the female parent a nd the transgenic insect-resistant cotton was selected as the male parent to realize insect-resistance transformation and breed improvement by the breeding institutions of Hebei Province. Sixteen new insect-resistant cotton varieties were bred including one fiber quality Ⅰ type and three fiber quality Ⅱtype varieties. Through the an alysis of breeding effect, the cotton breeders could get the following enlightenments. The richer the genetic basis of parent had, the more fine varieties could be bred, the traits improved gradually could achieved traits breakthroughs and synchronize selection could achieve synergistic improvement of the main traits.