休情状态下圈养麋鹿昼间冲突行为初步分析

Diurnal Conflict Behaviors of Captive Elaphurus davidianus in the Anestrous Period

为了探讨休情期麋鹿Elaphurus davidianus冲突行为与等级序位的关系以及冲突行为的促发因素,于2015年4月、11月和2016年12月采用扫描取样法对江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区的圈养麋鹿昼间冲突行为进行了观察,共记录到1 452次冲突行为。结果显示:同年龄阶段雄鹿的等级序位高于雌鹿;同性别的成年体壮个体的等级序位高于未成年个体;麋鹿昼间冲突行为的表达方式与麋鹿自身体表特征有关,冲突行为的表达方式在硬角期、脱角生茸期和茸角硬化期3个阶段之间的差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);休情期因争夺食物资源发生冲突行为的比例最高(61.55%),从动者的行为以采食行为比例最高(36.61%),3个阶段之间和上、下午的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);休情期内冲突的激烈程度偏低,从动者反抗次数少(20.25%)。本文为大丰麋鹿种群的饲养、管理与驯化,以及麋鹿迁地保护提供参考依据。

The relationship between agonistic conflict behaviors and rank class of captive Elaphurus davidianus was studied during April and November in 2015 and December in 2016,and the provocative factors were explored. The scanning sampling method was used to record the diurnal conflict behaviors of E. davidianus in Jiangsu Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve,and a total of 1 452 conflict accidents were observed. The results showed that： the rank class of males was higher than females at the same age; the rank class of adults was higher than juveniles at the same gender; the expression way of conflict behaviors showed an extremely significant difference among 3 stages of antler circles（ P 0. 01）; E. davidianus attack patterns were related to its physical characteristics,and the food content was the main factor promoting the conflictions（ 61. 55%）. There were no significant differences among the 3 stages and between the morning and afternoon（ P 0. 05）.This research of anestrous conflict behavior provides a reasonable reference for the feeding,management,domestication,and ex situ conservation of E. davidianus population in Dafeng.