肺炎支原体肺炎流行病学特点及耐药现状

Epidemiological Characteristics and Drug Resistance of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

肺炎支原体(MP)是社区获得性呼吸道感染的重要病原体,引起的呼吸道感染每3年7年出现一次流行,国内外文献报道,监测到多个国家和地区出现MP的爆发流行,流行特点与气候等因素相关,不同地区有所差异,近几年难治性和重症肺炎支原体肺炎增多,对儿童和青少年健康危害严重,目前临床上治疗首选大环内酯类抗生素。自2001年日本首次从临床标本分离到对大环内酯类抗生素耐药的肺炎支原体以来,世界多个国家和地区也相继报道。大环内酯类抗生素耐药的主要机制是23SrRNA基因单个碱基突变,使大环内酯类抗生素与核糖体主要结合部位发生结构改变,亲和性降低,从而产生耐药。合理使用抗生素,在肺炎支原体耐药控制与治疗上至关重要。

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the important pathogens of community-acquired respiratory infection.The outbreak epidemic every 45 years.The literature reported the outbreak of MP in many countries and regions was observed.The epidemic characteristics were related to climate and other factors,and different regions were different.the risk of school-age children and adolescents are serious.Macrolide antibiotics is the first choice in clinical treatment.Since 2001,Japan's first isolated from clinical specimens of macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae,many countries and regions have also reported.The main mechanism of macrolide antibiotic resistance is the single base mutation of 23 SrRNA gene,which leads to structural changes in the major binding sites of macrolide antibiotics and ribosomes,and decreases affinity,resulting in drug resistance.How to use antibiotics rationally is very important for drug resistance control and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.