南极磷虾年龄鉴定方法研究进展

Advance on Methods for the Age Identification of Antarctic Krill

如何鉴别南极磷虾的年龄一直以来都是南极磷虾种群生物学研究中的热点和难点,年龄作为其种群生物学的重点研究内容之一,是了解其资源动态的基础。因此,国内外相关研究者们为研究南极磷虾的年龄提出并尝试了各种具有可行性的方法,并取得了一定的成效。到目前为止,鉴定南极磷虾年龄的方法主要有体长频数分布法、年龄色素法、复眼测定法和多变量形态分析法。体长频数分布法在其年龄鉴定的方法中应用最为广泛,但准确性有待提高;年龄色素法在准确性上相对来说有一定的优势,但技术上的难题很难克服;复眼测定法包括复眼晶椎数目测定、眼径测定和眼柄测定,前两者作为体长频数分布法的一种辅助,可以提高其准确性,后者是最近几年出现的一种方法,其不足之处是人为主观性较强;多变量形态分析法仅为尝试性的研究,在年龄鉴定上并没有太多令人信服的结果。本文基于目前国内外南极磷虾年龄鉴定的相关研究,针对各种鉴定方法的利与弊,综述并分析了各种方法的特点,以期为开展南极磷虾资源评估与管理提供基础。

How to identify the age of Antarctic krill has always been a hot and difficult point in the study of Antarctic krill population biology. Age is the essential part of Antarctic krill life history study, as well as one of the most important parameters in the fish population dynamics models and fishery resources evaluation. Therefore, researchers at home and abroad have proposed and tried various feasible methods for studying the age of Antarctic krill. So far, main existing methods for Antarctic krills＊ age identificationare are body length distribution, age pigment analysis, compound eyesometry and multivariate morphometry. Body length distribu-tion is the most widely used in the method of age identification, but its accuracy needs to be improved. Age pigment analysis has some advantages in terms of accuracy, but the technical difficulties are difficult to overcome. The compound eye measurement method includes the number of compound eyes analysis, the determina-tion analysis of the diameter and the determination of the eyelids. The former two can improve body length dis-tribution accuracy as a supplement, the latter is a method that appears in recent years, this method is a good solution to the lack of direct and effective krills＊ age identification, and provides the theoretical basis for the assessment of krill fishery resources, but there are also some disadvantages like strong man-made subjectivity. Multivariate morphometry is only a tentative study, there is not much convincing results in age identification. Based on the current studies on the age identification of krill at home and abroad, this paper reviews the ad-vantages and disadvantages of various identification methods, and summarizes and analyzes the characteristics of various methods, so as to provide the basis for the assessment and management of Antarctic krill resources.