两次美学大讨论中美本原不同认识的学理融通——二论马克思恩格斯经典著作中的完整美本原思想

Integration of Academic Principle of Different Cognition of Principle and Natural Property of Beauty and Aesthetics in Two Great Discussions of Aesthetics in Contemporary China:On the Complete Thought of Natural Property of Beauty and Aesthetics in Marx an

马克思主义美学应立足于"外部自然界的优先地位"和"把人和自然界看作本质"这个不可动摇的出发点,才能科学地揭示出自然美、人化美和美感或审美的不同本原性和共同本原性所在。上世纪50年代中期至80年代中期,中国美学界的两次大讨论中,客观派所持的自然本体论或物质本体论主要是马克思主义的对象性论和"自然创美"论;主观派、主客观统一派所持的艺术本体论或审美本体论主要是非对象性和非对象化论及唯心创美论;社会实践派所持的社会本体论和实践本体论则主要是对象化论和唯人创美论。主观派、主客观统一派和社会实践派在美本原的认识上,共同缺失了马克思主义的科学自然观、对象性论和自然创美论。当今应将马克思主义的对象性论、对象化论与非对象性和非对象化论三者蕴含的不同和共同的美本原思想通过整体综合而辩证融通为一体。逃避美本质研究的"非本质主义"思路和学术时尚,无助于澄清美本原实质。

Marxist aesthetics should be based on ＂the primacy of the external nature＂and ＂the people and the nature which are regarded as essence＂,which is the unshakable starting point so as to scientifically reveal different and common natural property of natural beauty,humanized beauty and aesthetic feeling or aesthetics.From the mid-1950 sto the mid-1980 s,in the two great discussions about aesthetics in the academy circle in China,the natural ontology or material ontology held by the objective school is mainly Marxist theory of objectivity and that of＂natural creation＂.The artistic ontology or aesthetic ontology held by the subjective school and the school of subjective and objective unification is mainly the theory of non-objectiveness,non-objectification,and social practice school is mainly the theory of the objectification of Man＇s essential power and the only Man＇s creation of beauty.The subjective school,the school of subjective and objective unification and society-practice school have missed the scientific view of nature,the theory of the objectivity and the theory of natural creation of beauty by Marxism in the understanding of the natural property of beauty and aesthetics.Nowadays,we should integrate the different and common ideas of natural property of beauty and aesthetics contained in the theory of the objectivity,the theory of the objectification of Man＇s essential power and the theory of non-objectiveness and non-objectification by Marxism.If we adopt the＂non-essentialist＂thinking and academic fashion which avoid the study of the essence of beauty,it will be of no help to the clarification of the natural property of beauty and aesthetics.