治理中的社会组织参与:历史变迁与现实走向

Participation of Social Organizations in Governance:Historical Changes and Realistic Trends

帝制时代以宗族为代表的社会自治组织参与社会治理,抑制了国家官僚结构体系膨胀,节约了社会治理成本。新中国成立到人民公社时期社会自治组织被整合消亡,1980年代重建乡村自治组织村民委员会并参与社会治理。进入新世纪后,基层政府通过控制社区的经济与社区自治组织居民委员会的干部任免,干预社区业主委员会的建立,使得基层政府与社会自治组织的关系由激励向控制转变,行政消解自治。地方政府和社会组织的关系直接影响基层社会治理的效果。实现中央提出的"政府治理和社会自我调节、居民自治良性互动"的目标,需要加强社区自治组织建设,提高社会组织的自治能力。

In the era of monarchy,the social self-governing organizations represented by patriarchal clan participated in social governance,which restrained the expansion of the bureaucratic structure and saved the cost of social governance.During the period of people＇s commune in new China,social selfgoverning organizations were integrated and died out.In the 1980 s,the villagers＇ self-governing committee was rebuilt and participated in social governance.Since the 2000 s,grass-roots political organization controls the economy and the appointment and dismissal of cadres of the community neighborhood committee and intervenes the establishment of community owners＇ commission and thus makes the relationship between the two organizations change from incentive to control,and administration digests autonomy.The relationship between local government and social organizations directly affect the effect of grass-roots social governance.To realize the positive interaction of government governance and social self-regulation and residents＇ self governance,there is a need to strengthen the construction of community self-governing organizations and give full play to the autonomy of social organizations.