小麦冬春性人工低温春化鉴定的研究

Research on Identification of Winterness and Springness of Wheat Varieties through the Artificial Vernalization Method

本试验旨在筛选适合小麦冬春性室内鉴定的方法和指标,以济麦19、钱交麦、泰山1号、济麦20、中国春为强冬性、冬性、半冬性、偏春性和春性对照,对2014—2016年山东省区试的108份小麦品种进行冬春性室内春化鉴定、田间错期春播鉴定和分子鉴定。通过对幼苗习性、抽穗率、抽穗期等指标的观察确定小麦冬春性室内鉴定的可靠指标,提出采用室内鉴定法评判品种的冬春性,并初步建立了小麦品种室内春化鉴定法检测小麦冬春性的检测指标体系:春性、偏春性、半冬性、冬性和强冬性小麦品种在2℃条件下完成春化所需时间分级分别为0 d、0 d<t≤20 d、20 d<t≤30 d、30 d<t≤40 d和t>40 d。

To screen out the identification methods and indicators for winterness and springness of wheat indoor,we used Jimai 19,Qianjiaomai,Taishan No. 1,Jimai 20 and Chinese Spring as the control of strong winterness,winterness,semi-winterness,partial springness and springness wheat,respectively,and 108 wheat varieties from Shandong Regional Test during 2014-2016 were selected to identify the winterness and springness through indoor identification,intermission spring seeding in field,and molecular identification.Through the observation of seedling habits,heading rate and heading period,we confirmed the reliability indicators for identifying winterness and springness of wheat indoor,proposed the indoor identification method of winterness and springness of wheat varieties,and preliminary established the identification system using the artificial vernalization method to determine the winterness and springness of wheat indoor. The indentification system was as follows: under the condition of 2℃,the time for springness,partial springness,semi-winterness,winterness,strong winterness wheat varieties to complete vernalization were 0 d,0 d < t≤20 d,20 d <t≤30 d,30 d < t≤40 d and t > 40 d,respectively.