植物SnRK1蛋白激酶研究进展

Research Advances of SnRK1 Protein Kinase in Plants

植物SnRK1蛋白激酶与酵母SNF1以及哺乳动物AMPK在结构和功能上同源性较高,以α催化亚基、β和γ调节亚基组成异源三聚体复合物的形式存在。SnRK1蛋白激酶广泛存在于高等植物中,响应环境胁迫、营养匮乏、光暗周期等引起的能量缺失信号。SnRK1是调控植物代谢和能量平衡的重要枢纽,调节光合作用途径相关基因的表达以及蔗糖合成、淀粉合成和降解相关酶编码基因的表达,参与糖代谢途径。此外,SnRK1在植物的生长、发育和胁迫响应中也是重要的调控枢纽。但SnRK1在代谢网络途径的调控非常复杂,很多调节机制还不清楚,亟需进一步的研究。本研究通过对SnRK1蛋白激酶的结构,酶活性的调节机制,及在植物碳氮代谢、生长发育及响应胁迫应答中的调控研究现状进行综述,旨在为进一步研究植物SnRK1的功能提供参考。

Plant SnRK1 has high homology in the structure and functions with mammalian AMPK and yeast SNF1,and is a heterotrimer complex composed of α catalytic subunit,β and γ regulatory subunit.SnRK1 protein kinase exists in higher plants widely,and responses the energy deficit signal caused by environmental stress,nutrition deficiency and light-dark cycle. SnRK1 is an important hub which can regulate metabolism and energy homeostasis in plants,and it regulates gene expression in photosynthetic pathway as well as the sucrose synthesis,starch synthesis and degradation related enzymes encoding gene expression,and it participates in sugar metabolic pathways. In addition,SnRK1 protein kinase regulates plant growth,development and stress response. But the regulatory mechanisms in plant metabolic network are very complex,it is less clear and urgent to be studied. In this paper,we reviewed the structure of SnRK1 protein kinase,the regulation of SnRK1 activities,and the research advances of SnRK1 regulating in carbon,growth and development process and response stress in plants,which was expected to provide references for further research in the functions of plant SnRK1 protein kinase.