生物质水蒸气气化制取富氢合成气及其应用的研究进展

Research advance in biomass steam gasification for hydrogen-rich syngas and its application

生物质水蒸气气化是有效的热化学转化手段,可将原材料转化为富氢合成气,气体应用更加广泛,有替代化石能源制氢的潜在价值。不同的生物质资源气化和产氢能力存在差异,物料的选择对气化制取富氢合成气至关重要,而调整气化操作参数包括反应温度、水蒸气加入量、催化剂和吸收剂等可进一步优化合成气质量,提升氢气含量。本文首先综述了不同操作条件对生物质水蒸气气化制取富氢合成气的影响。其次,介绍了生物质炭气化制取富氢合成气的研究现状,炭气化可制得高品质的富氢合成气,但过程受动力学限制,需要加入催化剂以提升炭气化速率。文中还简述了以钾盐为催化剂时的催化机理,并展望了富氢合成气的应用,包括制备高纯氢应用于燃料电池和制备合成天然气。

Biomass steam gasification is an efficient thermochemical process,and it can converts raw materials to hydrogen-rich syngas which can be applied widely. It has potential to substitute fossil fuels to produce hydrogen. Different biomasses greatly affect the gasification and hydrogen production capacity. The choice of feedstocks is crucial for gasification to produce hydrogen-rich syngas. In addition,the adjustment of operation parameters including reaction temperature,steam flow rate,catalyst and adsorbent can optimize the quality of syngas and enhance hydrogen concentration. In this paper,the effect of operation conditions on biomass steam gasification for hydrogen-rich syngas was reviewed. Meantime,the research status of bio-char gasification for hydrogen-rich syngas was discussed. High quality of hydrogen-rich syngas can be produced by char gasification,which is kinetically limitation,thus this process requires catalyst to improve char reaction rate. It was also introduced the catalytic mechanism of potassium salts. The prospect of hydrogen-rich syngas application was proposed,including high purity hydrogen for fuel cell and synthetic natural gas.