纤维素自组装材料的研究进展

Research progress of cellulose self-assembly materials

纤维素自组装材料具有可再生、生物相容性好、可生物降解且力学性能高的优点,是最有潜力的绿色材料之一。纤维素及其衍生物可直接与第二组装单体构筑纤维素自组装材料,也可利用化学修饰研究改性后的纤维素及衍生物的自组装行为,其中改性处理是最主要的构筑方式。本文着重介绍了纤维素及纤维素衍生物的改性与自组装,对比分析了长碳链疏水化、乙烯基类单体原子转移自由基聚合、脂肪族聚酯单体开环聚合、氨基酸单体可逆-加成断裂链转移聚合改性合成组装分子的原理与特点,综述了组装分子在水体系和非水体系中构筑纤维素自组装材料的最新研究状况,指出纤维素及纤维素衍生物改性后构筑的组装材料具有智能响应性,可通过外界环境变化(如温度、pH、CO_2等)调节纤维素自组装形态,在药物控释、生物传感器及生物膜材料方面有潜在的应用价值;最后对纤维素自组装材料的可增长点进行了展望。

Cellulose self-assembly materials are one of the most potential natural polymer materials due to their renewability,biocompatibility,biodegradability and high mechanical properties,etc. Cellulose self-assembly materials can be constructed directly with another macromolecule polymers or via chemical modification of small molecules and the latter is the main way. In this article,the chemical modification and self-assembly of cellulose and its derivatives are introduced in detail firstly. The principles and characteristics of synthesizing assembly molecules by hydrophobic modification of long carbon chain, atom transfer radical polymerization（ATRP） of vinyl monomers, ring-opening polymerization（ROP）of aliphatic polyester monomers,and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization（RAFT）of amino acid monomers are analyzed,then,the latest research of cellulose self-assembly materials constructed by assembly molecules in water and non-aqueous systems are reviewed. It points out that cellulose self-assembly materials after modification possess intelligent responses and their morphologies can be controlled through the change of environment（temperature,pH,CO_2,etc.）. Owing to the above advantages,they have potential application values in the areas of drug carrier and controlled release,bio-sensor and bio-film materials. Finally,the outlook for advancing this area is depicted.