快乐意义的统一与分化——伊壁鸠鲁幸福观及其对功利主义的影响评析

Unity and Differentiation of the Meaning of Happiness——Analysis on the Epicurus's Happiness View and Its Influence on the Utilitarianism

伊壁鸠鲁理解的快乐当中包含动态快乐与静态快乐,二者统一于快乐事务,构成一个以至善为最终目标的快乐主义幸福观。与之相应,伊壁鸠鲁所理解的快乐的意义有片段性意义和终极意义之分。然而,伊壁鸠鲁对于快乐意义的界定在近现代哲学研究中被分化理解,出现快乐与快乐事务的混淆。边沁和穆勒对快乐的双重意义做出不同的侧重把握,但是,他们都面对如何超越传统快乐主义的困惑。发掘伊壁鸠鲁关于快乐意义的思想,可以为回应"多元幸福观"带来一些启示。

Epicurus＇ s happiness view contained the dynamic and static happy happiness; the two were unified in the happy affairs, forming the happiness view with the summum bonum as the ultimate goal. Correspondingly, the meaning of happiness in Epicurus＇s opinion included fragmentary meaning and the ultimate meaning. However, the definition of Epicurus on the happiness was understood differentiated in modem philosophy study, resulting in the confusion of happiness and happy affairs. Bentham and Muller made different emphasis on the double meaning of happiness, but they all face the confusion of how to transcend the traditional hedonism. By exploring the meaning of happiness of Epicurus thought, it will bring some enlightenment to respond the ＂multiple happiness concept＂