配方施肥对凤庆红花油茶幼林林分土壤的影响

Effect of Fertilization on Young Camellia reticulata 'Fengqing' Growth and Soil Physicohemical Properties

针对云南高山区凤庆红花油茶大面积产量低、质量差的现状,基于土壤养分肥力状况是影响油茶生长发育的主导因子之一,布设了NP、PK、NK、NPK和对照CK共5组施肥试验,研究分析凤庆红花油茶林下耕作层土壤理化性质对配方施肥的响应。结果表明,(1)凤庆红花油茶幼林土壤耕作层有机质含量丰富,各处理组有机质含量约为42.17-75.19g/kg,而施肥处理组NK、PK、NPK比CK有机质含量稍低,施肥组有机质含量下降幅度比对照组小;(2)随着凤庆红花油茶幼林的生长,耕作层土壤pH值均出现上升趋势,对照组上升幅度相对最大,施肥处理组pH值为4.84-4.89,组别之间差异较小;(3)施肥组的全量养分和速效养分含量均比对照组要高,随着凤庆红花油茶生长进程各处理组养分均有所下降,而施肥组养分含量变化普遍比对照组下降幅度要大,其中又以NPK施肥处理组的下降幅度最大;(4)凤庆红花油茶幼林耕作层土壤含水量、土壤容重、总孔隙度都在一个适中范围,表明土壤的保水性和通气性良好。土壤含水量和总孔隙度上升以及土壤容重的下降显示施肥组的土壤物理性状优于对照组。

Taking accounting of large area of Camellia reticulata ‘Fengqing ' in Yunnan mountains with low yield,poor quality at present,and the soil nutrient fertility status as one of the dominant factors affecting the growth and development of camellia,and by using the advanced technology and experience of camellia at home and abroad for reference,fertilization experiment was implemented with five treatments of NP,PK,NK,NPK,CK and with the purpose of analyzing the soil physicochemical properties at plough layer of young Camellia reticulata‘Fengqing'due to the formula fertilization. The results showed:( 1) The organic matter content of young Camellia reticulata ‘Fengqing' at plough layer was overall plentiful,and the organic matter content range of all treatments was roughly 42. 17-75. 19 g/kg. The organic matter content of NK,PK,NPK treatments was slightly lower than that of the control group,and the organic matter content of fertilization treatments declined lessen than that of the control group.( 2) With the growth of young Camellia reticulata ‘Fengqing',the soil pH value at plough layer appeared uptrend,and the soil pH value of control group rose to the biggest. The soil pH value range of fertilization treatments was 4. 84-4. 89,and the differences among treatments were smaller.( 3) With the growth process of Camellia reticulata ‘Fengqing',the soil nutrient content of all treatments decreased,and the soil nutrient content of fertilization treatments decreased relative bigger than that of the control group,and the nutrient content of NPK treatment dropped the most apparently.( 4) The soil moisture content,soil bulk density and soil total porosity at plough layer of young Camellia reticulata ‘Fengqing'were all in a moderate range,and it showed the soil with good water retention and air permeability. The uptrend of soil moisture content and soil total porosity and the downtrend of soil bulk density showed that the soil physical properties with fertilization was superior to the control group,and the fertilization and farming could improve the soil structure and make the soil water and vapour status be in a relative balance state.