舰船舱室挥发性有机化合物的释放速率研究

Research on release rate of volatile organic compounds in typical vessel cabin

[目的]为保障舰员健康与舰船的安全运行,应对以挥发性有机化合物(VOC)为代表的舱内空气污染物进行有效控制。污染物的释放速率是表征舱室空气质量的关键参数之一,但目前在该方面的研究还较为欠缺。[方法]基于常规室内环境污染速率测试方法,结合舰船舱室特点,通过Tenax-TA采样管富集采样、ATD-GC/MS分析和集总参数模型拟合,对舱室内以苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX)为代表的VOC释放速率进行研究。选取某舰船典型舱室为研究对象,开展封舱与通风工况下BTEX的释放速率测量试验。[结果]结果表明:通风工况下,该舱室二甲苯和挥发性有机化合物总量(TVOC)的平衡浓度均超出了室内空气质量标准,应加强污染源头控制或改善通风净化效能;封舱工况下(舱室环境浓度与通风工况接近),除浓度较低的苯以外,BTEX的释放速率与通风工况下的测试结果吻合较好。[结论]该研究初步建立了适用于舰船舱室的VOC释放速率测量方法,可为其污染特征评估与通风净化系统设计提供参考。

[Objectives]Volatile Organic Compounds(VOC) should be efficiently controlled in vessel cabins to ensure the crew's health and navigation safety. As an important parameter,research on release rate of VOCs in cabins is required.[Methods]This paper develops a method to investigate this parameter of a ship's cabin based on methods used in other closed indoor environments. A typical vessel cabin is sampled with Tenax TA tubes and analyzed by Automated Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(ATD-GC/MS). The lumped mode is used and the release rate of Benzene,Toluene,Ethylbenzene and Xylene(BTEX),the typical representatives of VOCs,is obtained both in closed and ventilated conditions.[Results]The results show that the content of xylene and Total Volatile Organic Compounds(TVOC)exceed the indoor environment standards in ventilated conditions. The BTEX release rate is similar in both conditions except for the benzene.[Conclusions]This research builds a method to measure the release rate of VOCs,providing references for pollution character evaluation and ventilation and purification system design.