海南岛气候变化对设施瓜菜生产的影响

Effects of Climate Change on Facility Cultivation of Melons and Vegetables in Hainan Island

利用海南省18个市县气象观测台站1967-2016年多个气象要素资料,采用数理统计方法分析了海南岛近50年气候变化特征,并结合海南岛设施瓜菜栽培发展历程和趋势,研究了全岛设施瓜菜产业发展的机遇与挑战。结果表明,海南岛气温升高、降水量增多和降水时间减少的趋势会造成全岛设施瓜菜栽培遭受高温、渍涝的频次和强度逐年增加,而受低温的影响有减弱的趋势。为此,设施瓜菜栽培应根据地区气候特征重点关注对高温高湿、渍涝等气象灾害的防御工作,并积极培育耐高温高湿、耐渍涝的设施瓜菜品种。

Based on the meteorological element data from 1967 to 2016 observed at 18 meteorological stations in Hainan province,this paper used mathematical statistics methods to analyze climate change characteristics in Hainan Island,and combined with trend in development of facility cultivation of melons and vegetables to study the opportunity and challenge of facility cultivation industry.The results indicated that the frequency and intensity of high temperature damage and rainstorm flood increased year by year caused by climate warming,increase of precipitation,decrease of precipitation days,whereas chilling damage has a weakening trend.Therefore,facility cultivation of melons and vegetables should focus on prevention of high temperature,rainstorm flood and actively cultivate fine variety of high temperature and air humidity resistance and waterlogging tolerance.