论清朝宗教管理制度中的“纳银给牒”之法

On the Method of “Bestowing Certification to Monks by Payments” in the System of Religious Management in Qing Dynasty

清朝的度牒制度运行机制,损益前明旧制,以纳银之法而言,更是成功地避开了鬻牒愈滥的窠臼。鬻牒性质的纳银行为只出现在顺治朝,之后的"纳银给牒"之举或之议,皆属于度牒管理制度化进程中对基础工价费的酌核办理,随着这种程序费用的最终核定,纳银之议遂寝。而度牒制度的走向,也因乾隆帝过于严格化与理想化的政策举措,最终走向破产。

The stereotype was successfully avoided for selling the ID cards to monks based on the old system in the former dynasty for the operating mechanism about the system of Buddhist Monk's Registrations in Qing Dynasty. The phenomenon of selling ID cards to monks for collecting money just existed in the period of Shunzhi Emperor,and the phenomenon or the argument of the selling after that were the checking and handling of the basic labour cost in the course of the System of Buddhist Monks' Registrations,and then with the final check and ratify,the phenomenon faded away. The System of Buddhist Monk's Registrations failed due to the too strict and ideal policies from Qialong Emperor.