政策启示:社会规范对减少烟酒摄入的作用

Policies Suggestions:Effects of Social Norms on Overcoming Smoking and Drinking Problems

中国是烟酒消费大国,本文旨在通过总结社会规范这一预测与影响个体行为的重要因素的作用机制,为制定有效帮助人们减少烟酒摄入的政策提供建议。本文评述了命令性规范与描述性规范如何以不同的作用机制影响个体行为,本土文化如何影响社会规范对行为的作用。而后分别针对两类社会规范及本土文化因素的作用提出政策建议。

Smoking and drinking are common behaviors in Chi-na. Social norm is an important factor which predicts and influences individuals ’ behaviors. This article summaries the psychological mechanism of social norm to provide suggestions on making policies to o-vercome smoking and drinking problems by using so-cial norms. We review the psychological mechanisms of descriptive and injunctive norms, and their effects on behaviors respectively. We also consider the influ-ence of indigenous culture on social norms, effects on behaviors. On the basis of the results,we provide specific suggestions on how to take social norms into consideration in making policies to overcome smok-ing and drinking problems.