新西兰华人新移民的跨国实践

Transnational Practices of the New Chinese Immigrants to New Zealand

以往学术界关注的焦点主要是东南亚、北美、欧洲等地的华侨华人,对远在南太平洋"长白云之乡"新西兰华人的移民史和现状的研究稍显薄弱。其中一个主要原因就是与世界范围内的华侨华人规模相比,历史上旅居新西兰的华侨华人数量一直比较有限。然而今天,新西兰已经成为世界上族裔最多的国家之一,继欧裔和毛利裔之后,华裔成为新西兰排名第三的族群。本文基于新西兰历史上历次人口普查统计数据,以及最新的新西兰移民局统计数据、新西兰官方统计调查报告和新西兰移民政策等资料的分析,揭示当代新西兰华人新移民的整体概况和基本特征,同时在跨国主义(transnationalism)理论的视野下,结合新西兰华人新移民的口述访谈资料,探讨新西兰华人社区的多元认同。

In the past,the academic circles mainly focused on the overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia,North America,Europe and some other areas.However,they did not paid much attention to the migrant history and present conditions of the Chinese immigrants in New Zealand—the land of the long white cloud in South Pacific Ocean.One of the main factors is that,compared with the population of the overseas Chinese in the whole world,the number of the Chinese migrated to New Zealand in the history was limited.However,New Zealand has become one of the countries with most nationalities in the world nowadays,and ethnic Chinese has become the third biggest ethnic group in New Zealand,only less than ethnic Europeans and Maoris.Base on previous census data in New Zealand history,the new statistics from New Zealand Immigration Bureau,the official survey reports of New Zealand,and New Zealand's immigration policies,this article will analyze and summarize the general situation and basic characteristics of the new Chinese immigrants in New Zealand.It will also,in perspective of transnationalism,on the basis of oral history materials of thenew Chinese immigrants in New Zealand,explore the multiple identities of the Chinese community in New Zealand.