一流大学建设的历史经验与时代省思——以“哈军工”办学实践为例

Historical Experience and Reflection on the Times of Construction of World-class University——Taking the School Practice of PLA Military Institute of Engineering as an Example

"哈军工"办学13年就发展成为闻名中外的著名学府,在计算机、弹道、气垫技术研究、军事工程研究等诸多领域处于国内领先地位,取得了丰硕的科研成果,为国家建设培养出了数以百计的将军、部长和院士以及数以万计的高级工程技术人才。其办学质量、办学水平和综合实力完全达到了"一流大学"标准,也是高等教育发展史上的典型案例。全面考察"哈军工"办学治校方略,剖析借鉴"哈军工"名将治校、教师为本、两老办院、从严治学、文化培育、设施完善等发展建设的基本理路,有利于探究中国特色世界一流大学的形成与发展机理,亦可为当前我国创建世界一流大学提供借鉴和启迪。

In order to build a world-class university in China, we must adhere to socialist direction of running a school, follow the laws of education, inherit the excellent culture, take root in China's vast territory, serve the country's development, and realize the organic unity of "world's advanced level" and "China's local characteristics". Looking back on the development history of higher education in China, it's not difficult to find that only for 13 years of school operation, has PLA Military Institute of Engineering already developed into a famous institution at home and abroad, not only taking a domestic leading position in computer, ballistic, air cushion technology research, military engineering research and many other fields and obtaining fruitful scientific research achievements, but also cultivating hundreds of generals, ministers and academicians and tens of thousands of senior engineering and technicians for national construction, whose quality and level of school operation and comprehensive strength have fully reached the standard of "world-class university", which is also a typical case in the development history of higher education. By comprehensively inspecting PLA Military Institute of Engineering of the school operation and governance strategy, analyzing the basic idea of development and construction, such as school governance by famous generals, teacheroriented ideal, veteran cadres-old teachers cooperation in college operation, strict academic governance, culture cultivation, facilities improvement and so on, exploring the formation and development mechanism of world-class universities with Chinese characteristics, it's considered that our country should reflect on the following aspects in constructing world-class universities at present.First of all, the first-class university president is of great necessity. The selection and appointment of university presidents must conform to our country's history and culture, national character and reality. Only select the first-class president with great wisdom, great influence and spiritual appeal to operate and govern school, can we break the power pattern, get rid of the resource dependence and solve the perplexity of the choice of behavior to the maximum, and then most likely sort out the complex, contradictory work ideas, put people's needs first in constructing the campus environment, strengthen the academic influence and raise the administrative work to high efficiency. Secondly, there should be first-class faculty. The notion should be accepted that only talents can develop the institution. Priority should be given to the construction of teacher team, thus further optimizing the team structure and improving the training system, striving to improve the academic level and internationalization of the teacher team, and establishing and perfecting the related mechanisms of selection and appointment of social elites to create favorable conditions and provide material security for the growth of teachers. Thirdly, the first-class governance structure is essential. We must straighten out the relationship between academic power and administrative power within the university so that the two can be organically combined and coordinated with each other and run parallel within the framework of the system. By scientifically defining the areas of academic power and administrative power, it is necessary to rationally construct the mechanism of check and balance between the two and effectively fulfill the functions of academic management and organizations, and gradually realize the institutional transcendence of administrative services for teaching and research. Fourth, First-class rules and regulations is one of the necessary. Under the mother law of the university's constitution, we need to improve and perfect rules and regulations and management mechanism, which are adapted to the advanced educational ideas, people-oriented and academic-based, temper justice with mercy, have a degree of relaxation, and contribute to talent growth. The whole process, time and space and all elements of all the work of the university are included in the scope of the rules and regulations to ensure work in a regular and orderly manner. The fifth is first-class university culture. We should excavate development history of our own deeply, and inherit the characteristic culture of school governance, teaching governance and academic governance. According to current tasks and positioning, it's of our essential endeavor to cultivate firstclass, full of the characteristics of the times, unique university culture, and enhance the cultural consciousness and management tension of university construction, with a high degree of cultural consciousness. Sixth, there should be first-class infrastructure. Improving the basic conditions of running a school must be taken as the urgent task and basic engineering to promote the education quality of university. On the basis of scientific planning, emphasis on coordination and eff orts to tap the potential, we should strive to improve and continuously optimize the environmental conditions of our school facilities through the technological transformation of existing facilities and the introduction of new equipment simultaneously.