何必读书,然后为学?——评“独立思考”在高校文科人才培养中的地位

Why don't We Think First?

创新人才培养的时代要求向"学思关系"这一古老命题提出了进一步考察需求。通过读书或聆听之"学"与通过个人的独立之"思"而获得的见解,两者具有根本不同的性质。前者属于"了解之知",其本质是别人思想在自己身上的寄存;后者则属于"体悟之知",是从个体内部生发出来的具有强劲生命力的"种子"思想。我国高校人才培养尤其是文科人才培养曾长期处于"学"主"思"辅的单向失衡状态。以"独立思考"主导的新型"学思关系"意味着:不思不学、先思后学、以学辅思。我国高校人才培养应从"学思关系"层面进行深刻转型,从而使创新人才的培养具有根本依托。与之相应,我国高校教师亦应同时转变自身的执教理念:从"我知故我教"到"我思故我教"。

In this era of creative education, it is necessary to study and clarify the relationship between learning and thinking, which is an old subject. There is a fundamental difference between the thoughts acquired from the “study” based on reading or listening, and the ideas obtained by “independent thinking”. The former is “knowledge acquired by learning” which is essentially other persons’ thoughts, while the latter is “knowledge acquired by thinking” that is like a vital seed born from within. In most of our colleges and universities, we have emphasized too much “learning” but too less “thinking” especially when we cultivate social and liberal talents. The new relationship between learning and thinking should be led by “independent thinking＂ but not by “learning”, which has three meanings at least： no learning without thinking, thinking frst and learning second, and thinking based on learning. In addition, the talent cultivation mode should be transformed based on the new relationship between learning and thinking to cultivate more creative talents. Meanwhile, university teachers in China should change their teaching philosophy from ＂I know, therefore I teach＂ to ＂I think, therefore I teach＂.