文化认同与清代前期的丧葬礼制建设

Cultural Identity and the Funeral Ritual Construction During the Early Qing Dynasty

清代前期,满清统治者在文化上主动认同儒家文化,但在认同的过程中却贯穿着民族意识。这一文化特点也反映在丧葬礼制建设上,从顺治到乾隆,满清统治者经过近百年时间完成了丧礼、葬式、居丧守制等方面的建设与调整,最终逐渐建立了较为完备的清代丧葬礼制,它既继承了儒家丧葬礼仪的伦理精神又具有自己的特色,考察其礼制建设过程,有助于我们认识清代前期满汉文化的冲突与融合及社会发展历程。

During the early Qing Dynasty,the Manchu rulers accepted Confucian culture,but there was full of the ethnic consciousness in the process of cultural identification. In about a hundred years from Shunzhi to Qianlong emperor,they gradually established a relatively comprehensive funeral ritual in the Qing Dynasty through adjustment in obsequies,mode of burial,and mourning. It inherited the ethical spirit of the Confucian funeral etiquette and developed their own characteristics. It has important significance for us to know the culture of conflict and integration,and the social development in the Qing Dynasty by inspecting its ritual construction.