从档案资料看苏联对1962年中印边境冲突的立场

The Soviet Position on the Border Conflict Between China and India in 1962 in Archival Documents

关于苏联在1962年中印边境冲突中所持立场问题,目前国内外学者说法不一。其中我国比较权威的史料认为,在这场冲突中苏联自始至终都支持印度。但有关苏联解密档案资料表明的情况是:1962年10月20日中印边境冲突爆发前夕,苏共中央主席团于10月11日和14日举行的两次会议均决定支持中国,并于10月25日通过《真理报》社论公开表明了这一立场。社论一面强调中国政府10月24日声明中所提出的三项建议是建设性的,是中印双方开始谈判和和平解决争端的可接受的基础,一面谴责印度受帝国主义分子煽动,已成为冲突的罪魁祸首。不过对这一立场并没有坚持多久,从11月5日开始,苏联便从支持中国转向了在中印之间保持中立,直到这场冲突结束。至于一些论著经常提到的苏联在中印边境冲突问题上为印度进行辩护和对中国进行攻击,是这场冲突结束以后的事了。

Scholars inside and outside China are divided over the position of the Soviet Union on the border confict between China and India in 1962. China＇s comparatively authoritative materials believe that the Soviet Union supported India throughout the confict. But the Russian declassifed archives show that the presidium of the CPSU held two meetings on 11 and 14 October 1962 respectively, on the eve of the Sino-Indian border confict, which decided to support China and declared this position by Pravda on 25 October 1962. Newspaper’s editorial stressed that three suggestions, which were put forward by China on 24 October, are constructive and an acceptable basis for starting negotiations and peaceful settlement of disputes between China and India on the one side, and Pravda accused India that it has become the culprit of confict, on the other. But the Soviet Union has shifted its position from supporting China to remaining neutral until the end of the confict. The fact is that the Soviet Union＇s justifed India and attacked on China happened after the end of the confict.