2008-2017年高考英语书面表达试题历时研究

A Diachronic Study on Writing Test Items of National Matriculation English Test from 2008 to 2017

从试题内容、馈入信息和试题情景设计三个方面,对2008—2017年高考英语全国卷及各自主命题卷书面表达试题进行历时分析。结果发现:历年试题的体裁分布呈现"集中—均匀—集中"的趋势;话题涉及面较广,多为考生熟悉的话题;馈入信息的提供形式由多样化趋向单一型;提示信息量都较为充足;情景设计的开放性和交互性原则总体把握较好。但研究结果也显示出少数试卷体裁比较单一、部分试题话题内容重复出现、真实性较强的题目所占比例有所下降等问题。基于此,高考英语书面表达的试题命制应在体裁和题材的选择、馈入信息的设计上坚持多样性,在试题情景的设计上确保真实性、开放性和交互性的平衡;高中英语教师应在写作教学中坚持体裁和题材方面的多样化,同时鼓励学生多输入一些真实性语言材料,在夯实学生语言基本功的同时培养其高层次思维能力。

This study carries out a diachronic analysis of the content validity of NMET （National Matriculation English Test ＂writing test items from 2008 to 2017 from three perspectives ： test content, rubrics and test context design. The findings reveal that the genre distribution has experienced changes from ＂central tendency＂ to ＂even distribution＇＇,and finally ＂central tendency＂; the topics of each year are rich and well-known to students; the rubrics are provided in the form of diversification towards simplification; the principles of openness and interactivity have been adopted appropriately. But results also indicate some problems including no changes of the genre of a few writing tests, repeated appearance of some topics, the decline of proportion of authentic writing items. So, the exam system of writing test items in NMET should adhere to diversity in the design of genre,theme selection and rubrics;the design of rubrics is consistent with diversity,and the balance of authenticity,openness and interactivity is ensured in the design of test context design;high school English teachers should insist on diversities of types and topics in the writing teaching, and students are encouraged to input more authentic language materials for strengthening students ＇ language skills and cultivating their high - level thinking abilities.